Passive Voice
सामान्य रूप से हम Active Voice Structure का ही प्रयोग करते हैं | Passive Structure का प्रयोग का प्रयोग उसी स्थिति मैं किया जाता है जब Subject का पता न हो या Suject की अपेछा Object को महत्व दिया जाना हो |
Example-
1-वह कार ठीक कर रहा है | He is repairing the car. (Active Voice)
2-वे घर की सफाई कर रहे हैं |They are cleaning the house. (Active Voice)
1-कार ठीक को जा रही है या कार उसके द्वारा ठीक की जा रही है | (Passive Voice)
2-घर की सफाई की जा रही है या घर की सफाई उनके द्वारा की जा रही है | (Passive Voice)
Active Voice मैं Subject की प्रमुखता होती है , Subject Active होता है |
"In active voice,The subject performs the action expressed by the verb."
Passive Voice मैं subject की प्रमुखता नहीं होती बल्कि Object की प्रमुखता होती है |वाक्य Object से शुरू होता है और Verb Passive होती है |
"In Passive voice,The subject receieves the action expressed by verb."
Example-
1- He sings a song.
यहाँ He (Subject) , Sings (verb), A song(Object) को व्यक्त करता है |
यह वाक्य Active Voice मैं है , वाक्य का सब्जेक्ट He,Active है वह कार्य कर रहा है, Verb Sing Active Voice मैं है |
2-A Song is sung by him.
यह वाक्य Passive Voice मैं है | वाक्य मैं Sing (Object Of sentence) है | इस वाक्य मैं Object प्रमुख है तथा Verb Passive है |
Subject को को प्रमुखता नहीं दी गई है और यह Object की तरह use हुआ है |
Why and when to use passive structure-
A-जब subject का पता ना हो और यह बताने की आवश्यकता ना हो की काम किसने किया है |
Example-
1-This temple was built years ago.
2-The mirror was broken yesterday.
3- The shop was looted and three persons were arrested.
B-जब Objectको महत्व दिया जाना आवश्यक हो .
Example-
1-The letter was written by Mr. Ganesh.
2-The white tiger was klled by the hunter.
C-Scintific and Technical writings मैं passive voice का प्रयोग किया जाता है | क्योकि वहां Subject का महत्व नहीं होता है| महत्व इन्वेंशन को दिया जाता है |
Example-
1-Hydrocoloric acid is produced when hydrozen and clorine are mixed.
2-Telepone was invented by Graham Bell.
General Rule to change the voice
1-Active Voice से Passive मैं परिवर्तन करने पर Active का Oject passive का subject बन जाता है|
तथा Active का subject passive मैं objective form मैं बदलकर objet बन जाता है |
Example-
I write a letter.(Active Voice)
A lette is written by me.(Passive Voice)
2- passive voice मैं verb third form मैं प्रयुकत होती है तथा उसके पहले is /am/are/ was/were/been/being का प्रयोग वकया के tense के अनुसार किया जाता है
passive के subject (नए सुबकजेक्ट) के अनुसार verb singlular या plural लगानी होती है |
यदि subject singular है तो verb भी singular, यदि new subject plural है तो verb भी plural ही लगाती है |
Example-
She is helping the students.(Active Voice)
The student are being helped by her.(Passive Voice)
यहाँ plural verb are subject student के अनुसार प्रयुकत हुई है |
3-passive voice मैं by का प्रयोग उन वाक्यों मैं Agent हेतु किया जाता है जहाँ कार्य किसी की द्वारा किया जाता है , by का प्रयोग verb के बाद और agent (obejct ) से पूर्व किया जाता है |
कुछ स्थितियों मैं by और agent का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है |
4-Passive voice मैं active voice का कर्ता निम्न प्रकार से objective form मैं बदल जाता है |
I-> me,He -> him,you -> you,we-> us , she-> her,they-> them, it-> it , who-> whom
5-present, past और future perfect continuous and future continuous का passive नहीं बनता है . इस प्रकार 12 मैं से 8 का ही passive बनता है |
Change of voice in various tense
Present Tense
A)-Present Indefinite- Active Voice मैं Present Indefinite के वाक्य का Structure निम्न प्रकार होता है |
Subject + Verb + Object
Example-
1-He writes a letter.
इनको Passive Voice मैं बदलने पर structure निम्न प्रकार होगा |
Subject + Is/Are/Am + Verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + agent(Object)
A letter is written by him
Subject + is + verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + object
2- I love you.
you are loved by me.
3-She washes the clothes in the evening
The clothes are washed by her in the evening.
2-Present Continuous- Active Voice मैं Present Continuous के वाक्य का Structure निम्न प्रकार होता है |
Subject + Is/Are/Am +Verb + ing + Object
Example-
1- He is writing a letter.
इनको Passive Voice मैं बदलने पर structure निम्न प्रकार होगा |
Subject + Is/Are/Am +being+verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + agent(Object)
A letter is being written by him
2- We are playing football.
Football is being played by us.
3-She is making tea.
Tea is being made by her.
3-Present Perfect- Active Voice मैं Present Perfect के वाक्य का Structure निम्न प्रकार होता है |
Subject + Has/Have+verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + Object
Example-
1-I have written a letter.
इनको Passive Voice मैं बदलने पर structure निम्न प्रकार होगा |
Subject + Has/Have+been+verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + agent(Object)
A letter has been written by me.
2- He has bought a scooter.
A scooter has been bought by him.
3-He has repaired the car.
The car has been repaired by him.
B) Past Tense
1-Past Indefinite- Active Voice मैं Past Indefinite के वाक्य का Structure निम्न प्रकार होता है |
Subject + Verb की Second फॉर्म + Object
Example-
1-I wrote a letter.
इनको Passive Voice मैं बदलने पर structure निम्न प्रकार होगा |
Subject + Was/Were + Verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + agent(Object)
A letter Was written by me
2- We won the match.
The match was won by us.
3-I purchased a pen.
A pen was purchased by me.
2-Past Continuous- Active Voice मैं Past Continuous के वाक्य का Structure निम्न प्रकार होता है |
Subject + Was/Were +Verb + ing + Object
Example-
He was writing a letter.
इनको Passive Voice मैं बदलने पर structure निम्न प्रकार होगा |
Subject + Was/Were +being+verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + agent(Object)
1- He was writing a letter.
A letter was being written by him.
2-Ram was driving a car.
A car was being driven by Ram.
3-They were flying the kites.
The kites were being flown by them.
3-Past Perfect- Active Voice मैं Past Perfect के वाक्य का Structure निम्न प्रकार होता है |
Subject + Had+verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + Object
Example-
He had written a letter.
इनको Passive Voice मैं बदलने पर structure निम्न प्रकार होगा |
Subject + Had+been+ verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + agent(Object)
1- He had written a letter.
A letter had been written by him.
2-He had killed a dog.
A dog had been killed by him.
3-They had completed the project.
The project had been completed by them.
C)Future Tense
2-Future Indefinite- Active Voice मैं Future Indefinite के वाक्य का Structure निम्न प्रकार होता है |
Subject + will/shall+Verb + Object
Example-
1-I shall write a letter.
इनको Passive Voice मैं बदलने पर structure निम्न प्रकार होगा |
Subject + will/shall+be + Verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + agent(Object)
A letter will be written by me
Subject + will be(verb) + verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + object
2- He will give you a gift.
A gift will be given to you by him.
3-He will phone you.
You will be phoned by him.
2-Future Perfect- Active Voice मैं Future Perfect के वाक्य का Structure निम्न प्रकार होता है |
Subject + will have/shall have +Verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + Object
Example-
I shall have bought a pen.
इनको Passive Voice मैं बदलने पर structure निम्न प्रकार होगा |
Subject + will have been/shall have been +verb की थर्ड फॉर्म + by + agent(Object)
1- I shall have bought a pen
A pen will have been bought by me.
2-Ramesh will have completed the project.
The project will have been completed by Ramesh.
3-She will have written a thesis.
The thesis will have been written by her.